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PERU COMMUNITIES
Indigenous peoples in Peru form about 45% of the total population (14 million). The Truth and Reconciliation Commission estimated the proportion of indigenous in the overall population as 31%.
At the time of the Spanish invasion, the indigenous peoples of the Amazon Basin were mostly semi-nomadic tribes who subsisted on hunting, fishing, gathering, and migrant agriculture. Those in the Andes and to the west were dominated by the Inca, who had a complex, hierarchical civilization that built many cities and major temples and monuments with highly skilled stone masonry. Many of the estimated 2000 nations and tribes present in 1500 died out as a consequence of the Spanish conquest, especially because of associated infectious diseases, and many survivors were assimilated into the general mestizo (mixed-race) Peruvian population. Most of the surviving indigenous groups, such as the Urarina, have changed their ways of life to some extent, e.g. by using firearms and other manufactured items, and trading goods with mainstream national Peruvian society. Only a few indigenous groups (such as the Matsés, Matis, and Korubo) still live isolated in remote areas of the Amazon Rainforest and cling to aspects of their traditional culture.
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